▼ Solar Financing Explained

What Is a Solar Energy Service Agreement?

An ESA lets a third-party company install and maintain a solar system on your home, while you pay a fixed service fee and eventually own the system. It is how commercial tax credits reach homeowners after the residential ITC expired.

Compare All Products
🔒Fixed monthly fee, no per-kWh billing
|
🏠Ownership pathway included
|
📈Commercial ITC passed to homeowner
|
No escalation clauses (Propel)
The Basics

How a Solar Energy Service Agreement Works

An ESA sits between a traditional loan and a PPA. You do not own the system upfront, but you are not renting it indefinitely either. Here is the structure.

1

Third Party Installs the System

A financing company or its partner installs panels and equipment on your home. They hold commercial title to the system and are responsible for maintenance during the agreement term.

2

The Company Claims the Commercial ITC

Because the company holds title at installation, it qualifies for the federal commercial Investment Tax Credit, worth 30-39.2% of system cost. This credit is not available to individual homeowners who install standard residential solar.

3

That Value Gets Passed to You

The tax credit value is passed to you as a reduced system price, lower monthly fee, or both. In Propel Financing's structure, this discount is applied before any loan amount is calculated, reducing what you actually borrow.

4

You Pay a Fixed Fee and Eventually Own It

You pay a flat monthly service fee for the agreement term. Unlike a PPA where payment fluctuates with production, your ESA fee is fixed. At the defined buyout point, ownership transfers to you.

Key Differences

ESA vs. PPA vs. Lease vs. Loan

These four financing types are often confused. Here is what actually sets them apart, starting with who owns the system and what you pay.

Feature ESA (Propel) Monthly PPA Solar Lease Solar Loan
Who owns the system 3rd party (transfers Yr 5) Ownership 3rd party (no buyout) 3rd party (buyout option) You from day one
Payment type Fixed monthly fee Per kWh produced Fixed monthly fee Loan payment (fixed or variable)
Annual escalation None (Propel) 1-3%/yr typical 0-3%/yr varies None (fixed rate)
ITC benefit 30-39.2% passed as discount Best Retained by 3rd party Retained by 3rd party You claim directly (expired 2025)
Credit check required Yes, 660 FICO minimum Soft check typical Soft check typical Yes, varies by lender
Home sale complexity Loan transfers with borrower Lease must transfer to buyer Lease must transfer to buyer Paid off or assumed at closing
Maintenance Installer network during term 3rd party covers it 3rd party covers it Homeowner responsibility
Prepayment penalty None Buyout fee possible Buyout fee possible Depends on lender
The 2026 Context

Why ESAs Matter After the Residential ITC Expired

The federal residential Investment Tax Credit for homeowners expired at the end of 2025. The commercial ITC is still available through 2027 for third-party owned systems. ESAs are the mechanism that puts that credit in your hands.

What Changed

Residential ITC: Expired

Homeowners who buy or loan-finance solar directly can no longer claim the 30% federal tax credit on their return. The residential credit sunset at end of 2025.

Still Available

Commercial ITC: Still Active

Companies that hold commercial title to solar systems can still claim the commercial ITC, currently 30% base rate and up to 39.2% in IRS-designated Energy Community zip codes.

The Bridge

ESA Passes the Value to You

When a financing company uses an ESA structure, it holds title, claims the commercial credit, and is contractually required to pass that savings to you as a lower price. You get the economic benefit without filing a tax credit yourself.

The Math

39.2% Applied Before Financing

On a $60,000 system in an Energy Community zip code, a 39.2% discount means you finance roughly $36,500, not $60,000. That changes the monthly payment and the 25-year total cost substantially.

Important: ESAs are not all created equal

Many older PPA and lease products are technically structured as ESAs but include annual payment escalators, no clear ownership pathway, and buyout prices that are not guaranteed upfront. When evaluating any ESA, ask specifically: Is the monthly fee fixed for the full term? What is the buyout price and when does ownership transfer? Are there escalators buried in the fine print? Propel Financing answers all three favorably. See Propel's full terms.

Featured Product

Propel Financing Is an ESA

Propel by Concert Finance is an Energy Service Agreement built specifically to maximize the commercial ITC passthrough to California homeowners. Here is how it stacks up.

📈

30-39.2% Upfront Discount

Concert Finance applies the commercial ITC value as an upfront discount before your loan is issued. You borrow less and your fixed payment reflects the reduced cost from month one.

📅

Fixed 25-Year Payment

Your payment is locked for the full 25-year term at 7.79% APR. No escalation, no surprise rate adjustments, no re-underwriting. You can also pay it off early with no penalty.

🏠

Automatic Ownership at Year 5

Full title to the system transfers to you at the five-year mark with no additional payment required. After that, the panels are yours outright, adding to your home's appraised value.

No Dealer Fees

Most solar loans include a dealer fee of 20-30% baked into the loan amount, inflating what you borrow. Propel charges zero dealer fees, so the loan reflects the true net system cost.

See Full Propel Details →
Your Options

Two ESA Products, One Decision

The right product depends on your credit profile, whether you want a Powerwall, and whether you are in an Energy Community zip code. Both are available through Solar-Advisors.org.

Common Questions

ESA Questions, Answered

Is an ESA the same as a solar lease?
They are similar but not identical. A traditional solar lease charges a flat monthly fee for use of the system, often with an annual escalator, and the buyout price is typically not fixed at signing. An ESA like Propel Financing specifies a fixed payment for the full term, no escalation, and a predetermined ownership transfer at year 5 with no separate buyout cost required.
Do I need good credit for an ESA?
It depends on the product. Propel Financing includes a Concert Finance loan component and requires a minimum 660 FICO score. Participate Energy's Prepaid Lease is structured as a prepaid ESA and requires no credit underwriting. If your credit does not meet the Propel threshold, Participate may be the better fit.
What happens to an ESA if I sell my home?
It varies by product. Propel Financing is tied to you as the borrower, not the property, which makes a home sale more straightforward than a traditional PPA lease transfer. Participate Energy's Prepaid Lease is fully transferable to a new buyer as a home asset. Either way, having solar already installed typically increases buyer interest rather than complicating the sale.
Who handles maintenance under an ESA?
During the agreement term, maintenance responsibility stays with the installer network and the financing company. This is one of the advantages of the ESA structure over a direct purchase: if panels underperform or equipment fails, the service obligation is on the provider. After ownership transfers, standard equipment warranties cover most components.
Can I pay off a Propel ESA early?
Yes. Propel Financing carries no prepayment penalty. You can pay down the balance at any time, which accelerates when full ownership transfers. Up to three reamortizations are also available, giving you flexibility to restructure payments if your financial situation changes.
What does the 85% production guarantee mean?
Propel-financed systems include an 85% production guarantee. If the system produces less than 85% of its projected output in a given year, the installer is obligated to address the shortfall. This provides a performance floor that a homeowner financing solar with a standard bank loan typically does not have.
Is there a UCC lien with an ESA?
Propel Financing may involve a UCC filing since Concert Finance holds a security interest in the system during the agreement term. Participate Energy's Prepaid Lease does not include a UCC lien, which matters if you are planning to refinance your mortgage or take a home equity line of credit.
Which ESA product is right for me?
If your home is in an Energy Community zip code and your FICO is 660 or above, Propel almost always prices out better. If you are in a non-Energy Community area, do not want to pass a credit check, or want a Tesla Powerwall, Participate Energy is typically the stronger choice. The best way to compare is to run your specific numbers with our free assessment.

Find Out Which ESA Fits Your Home

Tell us your utility, your zip code, and your average bill. We will show you exact numbers for Propel and Participate side by side, specific to your home.

Takes 2 minutes · No obligation · No door-knock follow-up