An ESA lets a third-party company install and maintain a solar system on your home, while you pay a fixed service fee and eventually own the system. It is how commercial tax credits reach homeowners after the residential ITC expired.
An ESA sits between a traditional loan and a PPA. You do not own the system upfront, but you are not renting it indefinitely either. Here is the structure.
A financing company or its partner installs panels and equipment on your home. They hold commercial title to the system and are responsible for maintenance during the agreement term.
Because the company holds title at installation, it qualifies for the federal commercial Investment Tax Credit, worth 30-39.2% of system cost. This credit is not available to individual homeowners who install standard residential solar.
The tax credit value is passed to you as a reduced system price, lower monthly fee, or both. In Propel Financing's structure, this discount is applied before any loan amount is calculated, reducing what you actually borrow.
You pay a flat monthly service fee for the agreement term. Unlike a PPA where payment fluctuates with production, your ESA fee is fixed. At the defined buyout point, ownership transfers to you.
These four financing types are often confused. Here is what actually sets them apart, starting with who owns the system and what you pay.
| Feature | ESA (Propel) | Monthly PPA | Solar Lease | Solar Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Who owns the system | 3rd party (transfers Yr 5) Ownership | 3rd party (no buyout) | 3rd party (buyout option) | You from day one |
| Payment type | Fixed monthly fee | Per kWh produced | Fixed monthly fee | Loan payment (fixed or variable) |
| Annual escalation | None (Propel) | 1-3%/yr typical | 0-3%/yr varies | None (fixed rate) |
| ITC benefit | 30-39.2% passed as discount Best | Retained by 3rd party | Retained by 3rd party | You claim directly (expired 2025) |
| Credit check required | Yes, 660 FICO minimum | Soft check typical | Soft check typical | Yes, varies by lender |
| Home sale complexity | Loan transfers with borrower | Lease must transfer to buyer | Lease must transfer to buyer | Paid off or assumed at closing |
| Maintenance | Installer network during term | 3rd party covers it | 3rd party covers it | Homeowner responsibility |
| Prepayment penalty | None | Buyout fee possible | Buyout fee possible | Depends on lender |
The federal residential Investment Tax Credit for homeowners expired at the end of 2025. The commercial ITC is still available through 2027 for third-party owned systems. ESAs are the mechanism that puts that credit in your hands.
Homeowners who buy or loan-finance solar directly can no longer claim the 30% federal tax credit on their return. The residential credit sunset at end of 2025.
Companies that hold commercial title to solar systems can still claim the commercial ITC, currently 30% base rate and up to 39.2% in IRS-designated Energy Community zip codes.
When a financing company uses an ESA structure, it holds title, claims the commercial credit, and is contractually required to pass that savings to you as a lower price. You get the economic benefit without filing a tax credit yourself.
On a $60,000 system in an Energy Community zip code, a 39.2% discount means you finance roughly $36,500, not $60,000. That changes the monthly payment and the 25-year total cost substantially.
Many older PPA and lease products are technically structured as ESAs but include annual payment escalators, no clear ownership pathway, and buyout prices that are not guaranteed upfront. When evaluating any ESA, ask specifically: Is the monthly fee fixed for the full term? What is the buyout price and when does ownership transfer? Are there escalators buried in the fine print? Propel Financing answers all three favorably. See Propel's full terms.
Propel by Concert Finance is an Energy Service Agreement built specifically to maximize the commercial ITC passthrough to California homeowners. Here is how it stacks up.
Concert Finance applies the commercial ITC value as an upfront discount before your loan is issued. You borrow less and your fixed payment reflects the reduced cost from month one.
Your payment is locked for the full 25-year term at 7.79% APR. No escalation, no surprise rate adjustments, no re-underwriting. You can also pay it off early with no penalty.
Full title to the system transfers to you at the five-year mark with no additional payment required. After that, the panels are yours outright, adding to your home's appraised value.
Most solar loans include a dealer fee of 20-30% baked into the loan amount, inflating what you borrow. Propel charges zero dealer fees, so the loan reflects the true net system cost.
The right product depends on your credit profile, whether you want a Powerwall, and whether you are in an Energy Community zip code. Both are available through Solar-Advisors.org.
Fixed 25-year payment. 39.2% discount in Energy Community zips, 29.8% standard. Ownership at year 5. No dealer fees. 660 FICO required.
Learn About Propel →Prepaid ESA: one upfront payment, no monthly fee, no FICO requirement, no UCC lien. Tesla Powerwall available. Purchase option at year 6. Best in non-EC markets.
Learn About Participate →Tell us your utility, your zip code, and your average bill. We will show you exact numbers for Propel and Participate side by side, specific to your home.